What is mean by console??

Answer 1

The Console is where you may enter, interact with and visualize data, inside a command interpreter. All the commands entered in the console are executed in a separate process, thus allowing the user to interrupt any process at any time. ... Python interpreter. Running Python script.

Answer 2

Console in Python is the place when you enter and interact with python interpreter entering and running code in it. somewhat similar to how you enter commands in a calculator(they are quite different but hope you get the point)
https://pythonhosted.org/spyder/console.html

for what is Linux terminal see below site.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26897/linux-console-terminal