Not getting the meaning of error

Question

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Binary
{
string s;

public:
void read(void)
{
cout << "Enter a binary number ";
cin >> s;
}
void chck_binary()
{
for (int i = 0; i <= s.length(); i++)
{
if (s.at(i) != '0' && s.at(i) != '1')
{
cout << "Incorrect Binary Format" << endl;
exit(0);
}
}
}
void ones(void)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= s.length(); i++)
{
if (s.at(i) == '0')
{
s.at(i) = '1';
}
else
{
s.at(i) = '0';
}
}
}
void display(void)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= s.length(); i++)
{
cout << s.at(i) << endl;
}
}
};

int main()
{
Binary s;
s.read();
s.chck_binary();
s.ones();
s.display();
return 0;
}

Error
Enter a binary number 1000
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::out_of_range'
what(): basic_string::at: __n (which is 4) >= this->size() (which is 4)
What is wrong ??

How to solve the error ??
What is the meaning of the error??

Answer 1

The error you're encountering is caused by the line s.at(i) in the functions chck_binary, ones, and display.

s.at(i) is a method to access the i-th character of the string s. However, in C++, arrays and strings are indexed starting from 0, so the last valid index of a string of length n is n-1. But in the code, the loop in the functions goes up to i <= s.length(), which means that the loop will try to access an index that is one greater than the last valid index of the string, resulting in an std::out_of_range exception.

To solve this error, you should change the comparison in the loop condition to i < s.length():

for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
{
// ...
}

This way, the loop will never try to access an invalid index.

Answer 2

Error meaning that you are trying to use "out of range" for string index..
Use < just, instead of <= in loop condition.

Try this way, in all loops:

for(size_t i = 0; i < s.length(); i++){

Answer 3

What are u creating in c++

Answer 4

I can create u a code

Answer 5

If possible