What it can develop with java today? (Leaving out Android app)

Answer 1

Java is used for web-applications like Google docs, as well as for things like mobile games. Usually Java is widely used to build small application modules or applets for use as part of a web page. Basically, developers use it to create applications on your computer.
Java used for :
1.Web Service
2.Web Application
3.Android

https://www.quora.com/How-is-Java-commonly-used-today

https://www.quora.com/Where-is-Java-used

Answer 2

Website development: With JVM based languages, you can develop real big web apps/sites.

Database Management Software: You can build apps that interact with database seamlessly with Java.

Cross-platform GUI programs: Using Java Swing class, you can develop programs for Mac, Windows and Linux.

Networking Apps: You can build chat or social media applications that connect a lot of people together.

IoT: As we look forward to the 4IR where connected smart devices will take over, Java is a leading language for design and development of cloud-based smart devices.

Answer 3

For web development maybe it's better php/javascript/Ajax...
For GUI program really I don't see many...