Answer 1

The biggest difference between the two languages is that Java is a statically typed and Python is a dynamically typed.

Python is strongly but dynamically typed. This means names in code are bound to strongly typed objects at runtime. The only condition on the type of object a name refers to is that it supports the operations required for the particular object instances in the program. For example, I might have two types Person and Car that both support operation "run", but Car also supports "refuel". So long as my program only calls "run" on objects, it doesn't matter if they are Person or Car. This is called "duck typing" after the expression "if it walks like a duck and talks like a duck, it's a duck".

This makes Python very easy to write and not too bad to read, but difficult to analyze. Static type inference in Python is a known hard problem. The lack of type information in function signatures combined with support for operator overloading and just-in-time loading of modules at runtime means that the most common type inference algorithms have nothing to work with until the point in the program's execution when the types are known anyway. The Hindley-Milner algorithm that is commonly used in functional languages like Haskell and ML depends on being able to know, for example, that certain operations are restricted to particular types. These languages also typically have function signatures that "seed" the algorithm with the type information for their arguments

https://www.activestate.com/blog/2016/01/python-vs-java-duck-typing-parsing-whitespace-and-other-cool-differences