Answer 1

Hi rini
A flag refers to a variable that is normally true or false. I think it originates from the way trains used to be steared with flags as signals in the old days.
You use it to manage state inside your program, such as "player has passed level 1 or not"

temp refers to variables that are just used as place holders for intermediate values, which are thrown away once they are used, the i in a for loop is a typical example.