core processes

Question

how do cpu cores implement calculation? for example: what do they do materially in an incrementation loop?

Answer 1

This is one of many good videos detailing how a CPU works. I like the breakdown in this video as a starting point.

https://youtu.be/cNN_tTXABUA

Answer 2

Not sure how deep you want to go so...to give you an idea of the area you're in, flip-flops are used for counters:
https://www.electronicshub.org/flip-flops/
https://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Electronics/Latches_and_Flip_Flops

If you mean that level, you may have better luck on an electronics forum.
Even assembly discussions may be tricky here because of the hardware knowledge required.

Answer 3

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit