I didn't understand what this %ld, sizeof, float, double, char strings do please help me understand this in layman terms

Question

https://code.sololearn.com/cxUc8hmJ8Mt9/?ref=app

Answer 1

I have no knowledge in C but I have in C++ so maybe I can answer about data-types.
I hope this helps.

sizeof ---> outputs the size of the data-type in bytes.

float ---> decimal numbers (6 decimal precision)
3.141593

double ---> decimal numbers (15 decimal precision)
3.141592653589793

char ---> characters
"A"

strings ---> group of characters
"ABC def string"

Answer 2

"%ld" ---> format specifier of type *long int*

Rest is already told by 《 Nicko12 》

you can take the C course here, it will tell you everything about it.