How is the output 5

Question

public class Program
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int x=1,y=1,z=0;
do{
z=x+y;
}while(++x<=1&&y++>=1);
z=x+y+z;
System.out.print(z);
}
}

Answer 1

Initially :
x=1 , y =1 and z=0

During first iterations of loop :
z = x + y = 2;
after execution loop body , condition is checked.
++x <= 1 && y++>=1
This condition fails because first operand (++x<=1) of && evaluates to false. ++x is same as x = x +1;
x is incremented to 2 (2<=1 is false)

As the first operand of && is false it doesn't check for second operand due to short circuit evaluation.

Now outside of loop :
x = 2 ,y=1,z =2

z is assigned result of expression x+y+z that is 2+1+2

Hence the result 5.

edit:
This will help to understand short circuit evaluation :https://code.sololearn.com/cAKZM7vS0yYb/?ref=app