Which datatype should I use to assign value like +, -, * or /

Question

The +, - etc. are not operators but characters.

Answer 1

a = "apple" << "=" here is initializing a value.
b = a <<" =" here this is assigning the value of one variable to another.

Answer 2

You just answer your question... Use any 'character' like data type available in your choosen language.
And remember that even so a few symbols will need attention to be stored.